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Types of Migraines

Episodic migraines come in all different shapes and sizes. Here's how to spot the most common migraine types.

A migraine is a migraine, right? Well, yes and no.

Generally speaking, migraines are a recurring neurological disorder characterized by hyperactivity in specific areas of the brain that cause painful headaches.1

But throbbing pain isn't the be-all and end-all of migraines. The International Classification of Headache Disorders separates migraines into two main types: chronic and episodic. Chronic migraines are experienced on 15 or more days per month for 3 months, while episodic migraines occur 14 or fewer days per month. A 2012 study found that approximately 92% of migraine sufferers experience episodic migraines.2 

What's more, episodic migraines vary in terms of their exact symptoms. Here's what you need to know about the most common forms of episodic migraines.

Migraine Without Aura

The most common migraine subtype, migraines without aura typically involve pulsing pain on one side of the head that lasts anywhere from 4 to 72 hours. 3 Some sufferers also experience nausea and/or sensitivity to light or sound. In women, migraine without aura is often associated with their menstrual cycle.

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Migraine With Aura

For some migraine sufferers, visual disturbances, also known as auras, warn of migraine pain to come. An aura is a warning sign of migraines that generally occurs before the headache and can last five to 60 minutes, usually for about 20 minutes. Once the migraine pain starts, most people's auras fade.4

While rare, auras can also manifest themselves as physical rather than visual symptoms. In some people, an aura is experienced as a feeling of tingling or numbness in one side of the body. The feeling can often originate in the hands and spread toward the face.

Retinal Migraines

Also called “ocular migraines," retinal migraines are rare, occurring in about 1 in 200 people. However, they are often mistaken for the more common migraines with aura. While migraines with aura typically involve vision disturbances in one field of vision, retinal migraines generally involve vision impairment in one eye. In retinal migraines, vision disturbances commonly last for less than an hour, but occur in repeated bouts.

Like both migraines with and without aura, they also cause head pain, and can cause nausea, vomiting, as well as sensitivity to lights and sound.

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